ICO 


RESTORATION  IN  MEXICO. 


A  SERMON 


PREACHED  IN 


TRINITY  CHURCH,  PITTSBURGH, 


ON  THE 


Festival  of  St.  Joiin  Baptist,  June  24tli,  1879, 


AT  THE 


OOIlSECRATIOlNr 


OF  THE 


REV.  HEMY  OHAUNCEY  RILEY,  DD. 


As  Bishop  of  the  Valley  of  Mexico, 


BY 


ArfhtiAje 

THE  BISHOP  OF  WESTERN  NEW  YORK. 


NEW  YORK,  1879; 

Published  by  the  Foreign  Committee  op  the  Board  op  AIanagers  op  the 
Domestic  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  op  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 


RESTORATION  IN  MEXICO 

A  SERMON 

PREACHED  IlSr 

TRINITY  CHURCH,  PITTSBURGH, 

ON  THE 

Festival  of  St.  Jolin  Baptist,  June  24tli,  1879, 

AT  THE 

CONSECRATION' 

OP  THE 

REY.  HENRY  CHAUNCEY  RILEY,  D.l),  • 

As  Bishop  of  the  Valley  of  Mexico. 

BY 

THE  BISHOP  OF  WESTERN  NEW  YORK. 


NEW  YORK,  1879; 

Published  by  the  Foreign  Committee  op  the  Board  op  Managers  op  the 
Domestic  and  Foreign  Missionary  Society  op  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 


■  '  ' 

• .  America 
Hex\co 

* 


SEP  1  G  '03 


TO  TUB  RT.  REV. 

THE  LORD  BISHOP  OP  WINCHESTER, 

ETC.,  ETC.: 

I  DEDICATE  THIS  SERMON,  BY  PERMISSION, 

NOT  AS  COMMITTING  HIM  TO  ANY  OP  ITS  POSITIONS, 

BUT  AS  A  TOKEN  OP  GRATITUDE 

POR  HIS  EARNEST  AND  YET  MOST  PRUDENT  EPPORTS 
TO  EXTEND  THE  CATHOLIC  RELATIONS, 

AND  TO  APPLY  THE 

GENEROUS  SUCCOURS  OP  THE  CHURCH  OF  ENGLAND 

AMONG  SISTER  CHURCHES 

AND  PERSECUTED  BRETHREN  IN  MANY  LANDS. 

A.  C.  C.,  Bishop  of  Western  New  York. 

Buffalo,  June  35tA,  1879. 


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RESTOEATION  IN  MEXICO. 


A  SERMON 

By  the  Bishop  of  Western  New  York. 


“  strengthen  the  things  which  remain,  that  are  ready 
to  die.”— Rev.  iii.  2. 

■  The  burning  and  shining  light  of  midsum. 
mer  lends  itself  to  this  Feast  of  the  great  Bap. 
tizer,  as  if  to  remind  us  of  the  eulogy  of  his 
Master.  He  was  not  the  light  of  the  world ; 
but  he  was  sent  to  bear  witness  of  that  Light, 
and  we  are  reminded  to-day  of  the  nature  of 
Missionary  work  and  of  the  source  of  its  pow¬ 
er.  The  voice  of  the  Lord  shaketh  the  wil¬ 
derness  by  His  servant  John:  it  is  to  prepare 
the  way  of  the  Messiah.  The  coming  of  the 
Sun  of  Righteousness  is  heralded  by  the  Morn¬ 
ing  Star:  he  only  reflects  the  glory  of  the 
Redeemer.  Beautiful  the  feet  of  him  that 
bringeth  good  tidings;  but  he  is  only  the 
Bridegroom’s  friend.  He  ushers  in  the  Bride¬ 
groom  Himself,  coming  to  espouse  His  Church, 
and  to  enlarge  her  with  a  dowry  of  children, 
whom  He  will  “  make  princes  in  all  the  earth.” 
It  is  the  commission  of  the  herald  and  of  the 
Missionary  to  comfort  the  people,  like  St. 
John,  by  the  Gospel-tidings:  “Behold  the 
Lamb  of  God,  that  taketh  away  the  sin  of  the 
world.”  Beautiful  upon  the  mountains  are 
the  feet  of  such  a  Missionary;  and,  though  our 
Brother-elect  is  to  be  sent  to  “the  Valley  of 
Mexico,”  let  us  not  say,  with  the  unbelievers 
of  old:  “  The  Lord  is  God  of  the  hills;  but 
He  is  not  God  of  the  valleys.”  There  also, 
we  humbly  trust,  God  will  “deliver  a  great 
multitude  into  his  hand.”  And  long  may  this 
good  day  be  remembered  in  Mexico,  as  mak¬ 
ing  over  to  her  Church  and  people  the  con¬ 
soling  promises  and  the  blessed  example  it 
recalls. 

We  stand  here,  at  the  confluence  of  waters 
gathered  from  a  thousand  sources,  which 
unite  at  our  feet  and  roll  on  in  ever  ac¬ 
cumulating  volume  to  the  great  Gulf;  and 
so  a  thousand  providences  are  combined  in 
this  solemnity  to  create  a  “sea  of  glory” 


which  we  pray  may  inundate  Mexico  itself. 
And  in  view  of  the  peculiar  trials  of  the 
work  before  the  new  Bishop,  we  may  trust 
that  the  Collect  for  this  day  may  ever  find  a 
glorious  answer  in  his  life  and  ministry: 
“  Almighty  God,  by  Whose  providence  Thy 
servant  John  Baptist  was  wonderfully  born, 
and  sent  to  prepare  the  way  of  Thy,  Son  our 
Saviour,  by  preaching  repentance;  Make  us 
so  to  follow  his  doctrine  and  holy  life,  that  we 
may  truly  repent  according  to  his  preaching; 
and  after  his  example,  constantly  speak  the 
truth,  boldly  rebuke  vice,  and  patiently  suffer 
for  the  truth’s  sake;  through  Jesus  Christ 
our  Lord.  Amen.” 

The  services  of  this  festival  give  us,  more¬ 
over,  most  cheering  pledges  as  to  the  success 
of  Missionary  work.  “  Every  valley  shall  be 
exalted  and  every  mountain  and  hill  shall  be 
brought  low ;  and  the  crooked  shall  be  made 
straight,  and  the  rough  places  plain,  and  the 
glory  of  the  Lord  shall  be  revealed.”  New 
force  is  given  to  these  promises  by  the  inven¬ 
tions  which  God  has  permitted  man  to  make 
in  these  times  of  ours.  It  is  not  for  earthly 
interests  that  He  stimulates  the  minds  of  men 
to  accomplish  His  purposes.  When  Augustus 
Csesar  was  engineering  the  Roman  roads,  by 
which  his  armies  might  be  easily  moved  to 
the  ends  of  the  earth,  it  was,  after  all,  the 
little  Child  in  the  carpenter’s  shop  of  Galilee 
for  whom  all  this  was  done.  Those  highways 
were  for  God,  and  the  fishermen  of  Galilee 
were  to  use  them  for  nobler  purposes  than 
those  of  the  emperor.  And  so  now,  when 
men  pierce  the  isthmus,  and  tunnel  the  moun¬ 
tains,  and  stretch  the  telegraphic  wire,  and  lay 
the  iron  way,  and  force  the  swift  keel  through 
the  oceans  by  the  mighty  impulse  of  steam, 
we  feel  that  the  times  of  prophecy  are  close 
at  hand.  “The  secret  of  the  Lord  is  with 
them  that  fear  Him.”  We  see  His  tokens  and 


8 


of  God’s  worcls  giveth  light”;  and  Aguilar 
stood  forth,  like  Antipas,  Christ’s  faithful 
martyr.  Called  suddenly  to  die,  he  sent  for 
his  friend,  Hernandez,  and  pointed  to  the 
Bible.  “I  am  sinking  rapidly,”  he  said. 
“  Be  faithful  to  this  cause,  and  press  it  on.” 
Hernandez  answered,  “  With  the  Lord’s 
help,  I  will.”  "I  die  in  peace,”  said  Aguilar. 
And  so  he  expired.  Then  God  raised  up 
Aguas  and  others,  and  the  work  was  pressed 
on.  It  has  been  given  to  many  in  Mexico,  as 
in  Philippi  of  old,  “  in  the  behalf  of  Christ, 
not  only  to  believe  on  Him,  but  also  to  suffer 
for  His  sake.”  Let  our  Church  be  modest  in 
contrast.  We  hardly  live  for  Christ;  they 
die  for  the  testimony  of  Jesus.  Forty  mar¬ 
tyrs  are  already  numbered  in  the  brief  rec¬ 
ords  of  this  restoration,  and  confessors  by 
hundreds  they  have  had  from  the  first. 
The  rest  you  know:  what,  by  God’s  bless¬ 
ing,  our  Brother-elect  has  already  accom¬ 
plished;  what  was  done  by  my  Right  Rev¬ 
erend  and  beloved  Brother  who  presides 
in  this  Consecration;  and  how  the  feeble 
Church  in  Mexico  has  been,  to  this  day,  la¬ 
bouring  to  strengthen  the  things  which  remain. 
Truly,  to  her  applies  the  language  of  the 
Blessed  Jesus, “I  know  thy  works,  and  tribu¬ 
lation,  and  poverty;  but  thou  art  rich.  And 
I  know  the  blasphemy  of  them  which  say 
they  are  Jews,  and  are  not,  but  are  the  syna¬ 
gogue  of  Satan.” 

Now,  if  it  be  the  duty  of  this  little  Church 
to  strengthen  the  things  which  remain,  I  hold 
it  to  be  quite  clear  that  it  is  the  duty  of 
Christ’s  servants  everywhere  to  remember 
them  in  love  and  prayer :  and  if  to  pray  for 
them,  then,  surely,  to  help  them;  and  if  to 
help,  then  to  impart  to  them  such  spiritual 
gifts  as  are  lacking  to  their  work  and  to  its 
perfection.  In  this  conviction  we  are  here 
to-day  to  provide  it  with  an  Apostolic  Episco¬ 
pate  ;“  for  that  is  now  its  first  want,  deeply 
felt  alike  in  its  own  sore  experiences  of  wid¬ 
owhood  and  orphanage,  and  recognized  in  our 
own  principles  of  Scriptural  organization. 

But  just  here  we  encounter  an  apparent 
conflict  between  our  proceeding  and  Catholic 
Constitutions.-'’  The  Episcopate  is  governed 
by  laws  which  forbid  intrusion,  and  it  may 
be  asked.  Is  not  Mexico  already  furnished 
with  Bishops  whose  valid  ordination  may  be 
regarded  as  unquestionable?  Such  is  the 
scruple  of  some,  in  whose  opinion  it  presents 


a  Gordian  knot.  They  see  no  practical  solu¬ 
tion  of  difficulties  which  arise  in  such  move¬ 
ments  as  ours,  among  Churches,  however  cor¬ 
rupt,  which  possess  an  Episcopate  derived 
in  historical  continuity  from  the  Apostles, 
provided  they  hold  verbally  the  Common 
Creed.®’ 

No  need  to  cut  such  a  knot.  It  is  easily 
untied  by  a  little  patience  in  the  application 
of  Catholic  principles  and  analytical  thought. 
Let  me  state  the  case  even  more  forcibly  than 
it  is  ordinarily  presented.  “  Let  us  admit,” 
says  the  scruple,  “that  the  Church  in  Mexico 
is  as  bad  as  those  described  in  the  Apocalypse, 
that  Satan’s  seat  is  there,  and  the  doctrine  of 
Balaam,  and  abominable  idolatries,  and  Jeze¬ 
bel’s  harlotries,  and  the  doctrines  of  the 
Nicolaitanes,  which  Christ  hates.  Admit  all 
this;  but  yet  the  Master  bore  with  all  this 
in  the  Seven  Churches  of  Asia,  and  held  their 
stars,  nevertheless,  in  His  right  hand.  In  a 
word.  He  recognized  their  Bishops,  and  only 
commanded  them  to  repent.  ”  The  inference 
is  that  we  should  utter  a  similar  call  to  repent¬ 
ance,  and  then  mind  our  own  affairs  and 
leave  Mexico  to  take  care  of  itself.  It  is  a 
very  plausible  argument,  and  I  have  endeav¬ 
oured  in  fewest  words  to  state  it  in  all  its 
force. 

But,  “Adam,  where  art  thou?”  Is  there  a 
Mexican  Episcopate  in  the  Mexican  Church? 
Is  there  any  one  there,  as  there  was,  for 
example,  in  Pergamos,  who  recognizes  his 
true  relations  to  his  flock,  and  who  can  be 
reached  by  a  call  to  repentance  under  the 
great  message:  “Let  him  hear  what  the 
Spirit  saith  to  the  Churches  ”  ?  Is  there  a 
Mexican  Bishop  in  Mexico,  having  such 
mission  and  jurisdiction  there  as  the  Canons 
of  the  undivided  Church,  and  the  Laws  of 
Christ’s  Gospel,  enable  us  to  identify?  Is 
there  an  “Angel  of  the  Church”  there  who 
acknowledges  his  immediate  responsibility  to 
our  Great  High  Priest  as  his  only  Supreme 
Head?  We  are  forced  to  reply  in  the  nega¬ 
tive. 

The  nominal  Bishops  in  Mexico  refuse  to 
govern  themselves  by  canonical  law  as  Catholic 
and  Scriptural  Bishops  of  the  Mexican  Church¬ 
es.  They  have  abdicated  and  renounced  alike 
the  Apostolic  order  and  the  constitutional  in¬ 
dependence  of  true  Bishops.  They  consent  to 
hold  office  from  a  foreign  usurper,  who  gives 
them  mission  as  Presbyters;  their  Episcopate 


See  Note  V. 
/  See  Note  VI. 


s'-See  Note  VII. 


9 


being  merely  a  delegated  authority  to  be  bis 
representatives.* *  They  are,  in  their  own  pro¬ 
fession,  Presbyters  only,  with  certain  Episco¬ 
pal  functions ;  the  mere  vicars  of  one  Uni¬ 
versal  Bishop,  who  presides  at  Rome,  by 
whose  permission  and  during  whose  arbitrary 
pleasure  they  continue  in  Mexico  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  enforcing  his  usurpations  upon  a 
national  Church — a  Church  which  owes  him 
no  allegiance  whatever,  and  which  is  entitled 
to  the  liberty  wherewith  Christ  makes  all 
His  Churches  free.  There  are  absolutely  no 
Bishops  in  Mexico  such  as  are  defined  by  the 
Scriptures  and  by  the  original  Constitutions  of 
the  Catholic  Church. 

Let  us  look  into  the  matter  a  little  more 
particularly.  To  the  superficial  observer, 
who,  like  most  of  our  popular  writers,*  takes 
no  pains  to  examine  the  case  in  the  light  of 
history,  or  as  it  is  seen  in  careful  analysis, 
the  whole  question  turns  upon  the  claims  of 
“  the  Roman  Catholic  Church”  to  be  a  true 
Church.  But  the  Catholic  cannot  admit  that 
there  is  any  such  Church,  except  in  name. 
No  such  Church  appears  in  history  till  very 
lately.  There  was  a  Papacy  lording  it  over 
certain  Churches  of  the  West,  but  there  was 
no  Papal  Church.  The  ancient  Councils 
never  heard  of  such  an  anomaly.  Scientifi¬ 
cally  examined,  it  is  a  modern  society,  formed 
artificially,  since  the  Council  of  Trent,  by  a 
fusion  of  National  Churches  and  Jesuit  Mis¬ 
sions,  in  violation  of  all  Canons  and  Constitu¬ 
tions.  The  Jesuits  are  its  authors,  and  this 
novel  reconstruction  is  based  upon  certain 
claims  of  the  Bishop  of  Rome,  which  the 
Eastern  Churches  have  always  pronounced 
subversive  of  the  whole  .system  of  Catholic 
law,  as  received  from  Holy  Scripture  and  the 
four  great  Councils  of  primitive  Christendom.^' 
In  refusing  to  give  this  artificial  system  the 
character  it  claims,  and  in  reducing  it  to  its 
constituent  parts  for  practical  purposes,  we 
stand  upon  the  old  and  consistent  ground  of 
the  Churches  of  the  East,  which  are  older 
than  Rome,  and  which  maintain  to  this  day 
the  primitive  Synodical  Constitutions  of  the 
Church  of  Christ.* 

These  Constitutions  knew  nothing  of  a  Pope, 
much  less  of  any  Papal  supremacy;  and,  if 
possible,  still  less  of  any  Papal  infallibility. 
The  confederacy  known  as  the  “  Roman  Cath¬ 


A  See  Note  VIII, 

*  See  Note  IX. 

}  See  Note  X. 

*  See  Note  XI. 


olic  Church”  was  organized  in  the  sixteenth 
century,  to  enforce  such  pretensions.  But 
nobody  can  be  a  Catholic,  much  less  a  Cath¬ 
olic  Bishop,  who,  instead  of  the  Catholic 
Church  of  the  Nicene  Creed,  takes  up  with 
this  schismatical  association,  and,  under  its 
remorseless  yoke,  carries  on  a  persistent 
warfare  with  all  Churches  that  adhere  to 
the  good  old  ways. 

But,  in  ultimate  analysis,  this  confederacy 
is  found  to  enfold  individual  Churches, 
which  may  be  recognized  as  such  when 
considered  apart  from  their  subjection  to 
the  Papacy.  Thus,  the  Churches  of  Prance 
and  Germany  and  Spain  are  visible  churches, 
and  so  is  the  Church  of  Mexico;  but  none 
of  these  Churches  possess  a  Catholic  Epis¬ 
copate.  They  have  been  abandoned  and 
betrayed  by  their  nominal  shepherds ;  if  not 
long  before,  then  certainly  at  this  late  “  Vati¬ 
can  Council,”  as  has  been  made  evident  by 
the  testimony  and  clear  expositions  of  the  Old 
Catholics.*  None  of  these  abdicating  Bishops 
have  any  position  in  the  national  Churches  of 
Europe  and  America  which  can  be  maintained 
by  Catholic  laws.”* 

To  the  Old  Catholics  all  this  is  a  recent 
discovery.  It  has  been  forced  upon  them 
by  the  working  out  of  fallacies  which  they 
only  recognize  in  their  reduction  to  the 
absurd.  But  it  was  given  to  the  restorers  of 
the  Anglican  Church  to  see  the  results  before¬ 
hand;  and  thoroughly  are  the  principles  on 
which  they  took  their  noble  stand  three  hun¬ 
dred  years  since  vindicated  by  the  action  of 
the  late  Vatican  Council,  which  is  only  a  log¬ 
ical  sequel  to  that  of  Trent.”  We  apply  these 
principles  to-day  to  the  case  of  the  Church  in 
Mexico ;  and  God  hasten  the  time  when,  on 
similar  principles,  the  Churches  of  Europe 
may  return  to  primitive  freedom  and  truth. 

So,  then,  it  is  only  with  the  Mexican  Church 
that  we  are  called  to  deal.  In  Mexico  we 
have  nothing  to  do  with  the  Church  of  Rome, 
or  any  pretended  Bishops  who  act  by  its  au¬ 
thority.  For  what  business  has  Rome  in  Mex¬ 
ico?  Where  and  by  what  Catholic  canons 
has  an  Italian*Bishop  any  warrant  to  meddle 
with  our  affairs  in  America?  Search  antiquity 
with  candles,  and  you  will  find  not  one  word 
which  authorizes  any  Bishop  thus  to  extend 
his  jurisdiction  over  foreign  Churches  be¬ 
yond  seas.  The  reverse  is  the  case,  as  we 

(  See  Note  XII. 

;See  Nste  XIII. 

'  «  See  Note  XIV. 


10 


learn  from  the  history  of  the  African 
Churches/  The  Church  in  Mexico  awakes 
to  this  truth;  and,  with  no  claim  of  dominion 
nor  any  desire  for  it,  we  respond  to  her  invi¬ 
tation  to  provide  her  with  a  Catholic  and 
Scriptural  Episcopate,  which  is  willing  to 
“  hear  what  the  Spirit  saith  to  the  Church¬ 
es.” 

The  law  for  such  cases  we  have  found 
in  Holy  Scripture.  It  is  also  clearly  defined 
by  Catholic  antiquity.  At  one  crisis,  says 
Vincent  of  Lerins,  “nearly  all  the  Bishops 
of  the  Latin  tongue,  misled  partly  by  com¬ 
pulsion  and  partly  by  fraud,”  adhered  to 
another  gospel.  And  in  so  great  and  uni¬ 
versal  a  defection  he  recognizes  as  Catholics 
only  the  faithful  few  “who  preferred  the  old 
Faith  to  the  new  perfidy.”^  By  this  rule  we 
identify  the  Catholic  Church  of  Mexico  in 
the  faithful  few  who  have  elected  our  brother 
to  he  their  Bishop,  and  who  have  entreated 
us,  as  Bishops  of  the  nearest  sister  Church,  to 
invest  him  with  the  Apostolic  Order  and 
Office,  that  he  may  return  to  them  and  im¬ 
part  to  them  those  spiritual  gifts  which  their 
necessities  so  imperatively  require. 

It  was,  at  least  by  implication,  on  such 
principles  that  the  venerable  Primate  of 
Holland  lately  consecrated  the  first  Bishop 
of  the  Old  Catholics  in  Germany.  On 
such  principles  the  hundred  Bishops  at 
Lambeth  virtually  took  their  stand  last  sum¬ 
mer,  and,  in  so  doing,  opened,  as  I  humbly 
trust,  a  new  era  of  Catholic  restorations.  For 
thus  they  only  recognized  the  ancient  land¬ 
marks  and  followed  the  great  heroes  of  primi¬ 
tive  triumphs  over  heresy  and  schism.  Bitterly 
does  St.  Basil  reproach  the  Western  Bishops 
of  his  day  for  the  supine  spirit  of  apathy  in 
which,  like  Meroz,  they  came  not  to  “  the  help 
of  the  Lord  against  the  mighty.  ”  He  urges 
their  duty  to  interfere  on  grounds  essentially 
the  same.  ®  And  so  the  great  Nazianzen  hesitat¬ 
ed  not  to  visit  tlie  dioceses  of  heretical  Bish¬ 
ops  in  behalf  of  the  few  scattered  sheep  that 
implored  his  help.  He  did  this  even  in  the 
Second  See  of  the  Christian  Church;  and,  in 
so  doing,  he  was  not  only  sustained  by  the 
Orthodox  Bishops,  but,  against  his  will,  he 
was  forced  to  treat  the  See  as  vacant,  and  to  sit 
down  in  its  patriarchal  chah  as  the  true  and 
only  Bishop  of  Constantinople.' 

0  See  Note  XV. 

p  See  Note  XVI. 

q  See  Note  XVII. 

See  Note  XVIII-l 


Thus,  in  his  person,  they  enthroned  the 
living  spirit  of  Catholic  law  above  its  dead 
letter.  They  refused  to  enforce  canons  in 
favour  of  Bishops  who  had  betrayed  their 
flocks  and  corrupted  the  truth  which  canons 
were  enacted  to  support;  and  they  left  us  an 
example  to  go  and  do  likewise,  whenever 
and  wherever  nominal  shepherds  prove  them¬ 
selves  “  wolves  in  sheep’s  clothing,”  devour¬ 
ing  the  very  flock  they  were  appointed  to 
feed,  to  protect,  and  to  keep  safe  in  the  true 
fold  of  Christ. 

Such,  then,  is  the  law  of  Christ  and  of 
His  Church,  as  applied  to  the  “few  names” 
in  Mexico  who  “have  not  defiled  their  gar¬ 
ments.”  In  them  we  are  bound  to  recognize 
the  Catholic  remainder  of  their  National 
Church,  and  for  them  we  must  “  strengthen 
the  things  that  remain,  that  are  ready  to  die.” 
For,  observe,  their  nominal  Bishops  excom¬ 
municate  and  anathematize  them  only  because 
they  refuse  to  accept  “  the  new  perfidy,”  and 
thus  to  betray  “  the  Faith  once  delivered  to 
the  saints.”  If  Chrysostom,  if  Augustine,  if 
Athanasius  were  in  Mexico,  and  should  now 
teach  and  practice  as  they  did  in  the  old 
time,  they  too  would  be  excommunicated  and 
anathematized  by  the  nominal  Bishops.  The 
powerful  remonstrances  of  Aguilar  and  Aguas 
press  this  fact  on  the  Mexican  V  icars.  It  is 
by  such  remorseless  violation  of  all  Catholic 
laws  that  these  Papal  Vicars  enforce  a  creed 
of  novelties  and  a  discipline  wholly  unknown 
to  the  Primitive  Church.  But  they  who 
lend  themselves  to  such  a  despotism  only  ex¬ 
communicate  themselves.  “Woe  unto  thee, 
heretic  and  prevaricator,”  said  St.  Hilary'  to 
a  Bishop  of  Rome,  who  had  denied  the  Faith 
and  anathematized  the  faithful;  “I  say  unto 
thee.  Anathema.”  And  now  shall  we  sit  still 
because  they  who  persecute  our  faithful 
brethren  in  Mexico  call  themselves  Bishops? 
Shall  we  permit  them  to  claim  canonical 
immunities  in  order  not  only  to  excommuni¬ 
cate,  but  even,  under  pretext  of  extirpating 
heresy,  to  slay  the  faithful?  Alas  !  under 
such  Bishops,  heretics  may  live  in  all  security, 
and  even  Priests  grossly  immoral  in  their 
lives,  if  they  hut  accept  new  dogmas  and 
submit  to  a  foreign  usurpation.  It  is  only 
when  Christians  become  witnesses  for  truth 
and  righteousness  in  this  modern  Sardis  that 
they  are  cast  out  and  destroyed.  And 
have  we  no  duty  to  Christ’s  faithful  at 


“tSee  Note  XIX. 


11 


such  a  time  ?  The  house  is  burning, 
and  shall  we  hesitate  to  go  in  and  save 
life,  because,  forsooth,  we  might  seem  to 
disregard  the  statutes  against  burglary  ? 
The  murderer  is  in  the  field,  to  waylay 
and  to  destroy.  Must  we  first  consult  the 
lawyer  about  trespass  before  we  break  through 
the  hedge  and  rescue  the  threatened  victim? 
When  ties  of  nature  bid  us  to  succour  our 
spiritual  kindred,  shall  we  presume  to  excuse 
ourselves  by  ingenious  duplicity,  like  that  of 
the  Corban?  Our  neighbour  has  fallen  among 
thieves.  Shall  we  refuse  to  imitate  the  Good 
Samaritan  because  Priests  and  Levites  have 
passed  by  on  the  other  side,  fortified,  no 
doubt,  by  a  scrupulous  deference  to  the  Mosaic 
Rubrics  touching  defilement?  In  a  word, 
David’s  men  are  starving.  Shall  we  palter 
about  Holy  Bread,  instead  of  obeying  Him 
who  says,  “  Go  ye  and  learn  what  that  mean- 
eth — I  will  have  mercy,  and  not  sacrifice”? 
Thank  God,  instructed  by  the  Master  Him¬ 
self,  we  know  our  duty.  We  remember  how 
He  rebukes  the  Pharisee  who  pleads  the  Sab¬ 
bath-day  in  behalf  of  forbidding  to  heal  ; 
how  He  chastises  the  hypocrisy  that  strains 
out  the  gnat  of  a  ritual  scruple  to  swallow  the 
camel  of  a  gigantic  wrong.  If  ever  the  Papal 
Vicars  in  Mexico  shall  abjure  their  partner¬ 
ship  with  the  crime  and  false  doctrine  of  the 
Vatican,  or  whenever  they  claim  the  character 
and  the  work  of  true  shepherds,  God  knows 
how  willingly  and  lovingly  we  shall  embrace 
them,  and  retire  from  any  field  where  we 
might  embarrass  or  annoy.  As  St.  Augus¬ 
tine  was  ready  to  deal  with  the  Donatists,  so 
we  are  ready  to  give  up  anything  but  our  pri¬ 
mary  obligations  to  Christ  and  to  His  Church 
for  their  sakes.  The  only  anathema  we  utter 
smites  their  chains  and  not  them.  While 
they  curse,  we  bless;  but  till  they  return  to 
a  right  mind,  we  must  leave  them  loaded  with 
the  schism  and  heresy  of  which  they  are  the 
abettors.  And  so,  in  the  name  of  God,  and 
as  we  shall  answer  at  the  great  day,  we  pro¬ 
ceed  to  do  for  Mexico  what  we  are  persuaded 
is  the  Master’s  will,  for  has  He  not  ordained, 
“  As  ye  would  that  others  should  do  to  you, 
even  so  do  to  them  ”  ? 

TO  THE  BISHOP-ELECT. 

My  Reverend  Brother,  the  Bishop-elect,  there 
is  an  emphatic  word  which  introduces  the  text, 
and  which  I  have  reserved  for  this  address  to 
you.  “  Be  watchful.  ”  The  Lord  is  calling 
you  to  be  a  watchman  and  to  be  chief  among 
other  watchmen,  and  what  He  says  unto  all 


He  says  unto  you  with  special  significance : 
“Watch.”  In  these  seven  Epistles — which, 
with  those  to  Timothy  and  Titus,  I  venture 
to  remind  you,  will  be  your  best  direc¬ 
tory  and  guide  in  your  trying  post  of  duty 
— it  is  to  be  noted  how  this  call  to  watch¬ 
fulness  is  repeated;  and  the  same  Apocalypse 
reveals  to  us  what  we  must  watch  for  and  how 
we  must  do  it.  Watchful  over  self;  watchful 
over  the  flock ;  watchful  for  the  Master  :  such 
is  the  Master’s  charge;  and  oh,  how  great  the 
trust  He  commits  with  it  into  your  hands  this 
day!  It  is  an  overwhelming  responsibility. 
Who  is  sufficient  ?  Surely  they  only  whose 
sufficiency  is  of  Him  who  alone  makes  able 
Ministers  of  the  new  Covenant.  Yours  will  be 
a  stewardship  so  great,  and  not  less  so  because 
it  is,  indeed,  the  day  of  small  things;  a  day 
of  poverty  and  affliction.  We  dare  not  prom¬ 
ise  you  grand  results;  yet  we  recognize  the 
providences  that  have  furnished  you  with 
exceptional  gifts  for  this  field,  and  we  would 
fain  believe  they  are  like  the  prophecies  that 
went  before  on  Timothy.  For  the  first  time 
the  Church  of  Christ  in  Mexico  will  see  in 
you  a  Bishop  of  its  own  choice;  a  Bishop  in 
all  the  freedom  of  his  Apostolic  Commission, 
and  wearing  no  yoke  of  foreign  bondage;  a 
Bishop,  indeed,  owning  no  supremacy  save 
that  of  the  great  High  Priest  of  our  profession, 
and  invested  with  full  power  to  “  set  in  order 
things  that  are  wanting,  and  to  ordain  elders 
in  every  city.”  For  a  time  we  hope  to  labour 
with  you— not  as  dictators,  much  less  as 
“lords  over  God’s  heritage”;  but  as  fellow- 
stewards  and  counsellors,  working  under  a 
common  Master,  and  “  by  one  spirit,”  in  obe¬ 
dience  to  the  inspired  precept:  “All  of  you  be 
subject  one  to  another,  and  be  clothed  with 
humility.”  For  this  also  we  wish  even  your 
perfection;  and  confessedly  much  yet  remains 
to  be  done  to  set  in  order  things  that  are  want¬ 
ing.  As  a  Bishop  this  will  now  be  your  ap¬ 
propriate  task,  and  we  are  but  your  yoke-fel¬ 
lows  and  companions  in  labour. 

For  in  all  that  1  have  said  I  have  been 
deeply  impressed  with  two  governing  thoughts : 
our  feebleness  and  Christ’s  sufficiency.  This 
day’s  work  will  come  to  naught  if  it  be  our 
work.  If  it  be  of  Him,  who  can  calculate 
its  importance?  With  tremblings  I  do  yet 
rejoice  in  the  thought  that  this  extension  of 
the  Catholic  Episcopate  to  Christians  of  an¬ 
other  race  and  another  speech  will  give  us  a 
sister  Church  on  this  Continent  to  strengthen 
our  own  faith  and  inspire  us  to  new  endeavours 


14 


Church,  the  Apostolic  Commission  was  to  be 
perpetual  in  the  Church.  The  other  Orders 
were  produced  by  delegation  of  subordinate 
functions,  as  clearly  appears  from  the  “  Acts 
of  the  Apostles  ”  and  the  Pastoral  Epistles. 
The  scholastic  theory  confines  the  apostolic 
succession  to  the  Popes,  and  makes  the  Epis¬ 
copate  an  after-thought,  the  Pope  confer¬ 
ring  some  of  his  functions  on  certain  Pres¬ 
byters,  with  power  to  act  for  him  and  only 
by  his  permission.  This  theory,  which  every 
page  of  authentic  history  contradicts,  and 
which  the  organization,  as  well  as  the  acts  of 
the  great  councils,  proves  to  have  been  utterly 
unknown  to  Primitive  Christianity,  was,  logi¬ 
cally  enough,  acted  upon  by  Calvin,  whose 
scholasticism  predominated  in  everything. 
His  rejection  of  the  Papacy,  therefore,  left  him 
only  Presbyters  and  Deacons  as  a  necessary 
consequence.  But  that  such  a  theory  should 
have  been  revived  by  Anglican  Churchmen 
is  amazing.  The  true  idea  of  Apostolic 
Episcopacy  is  fatal  to  the  pretensions  of  the 
Papacy  and  to  the  entire  organization  of 
modern  Romanism,  while  that  theory,  which 
some  favour  as  liberal,  was  invented  by  the 
Schoolmen,  and  adopted  by  the  Popes,  for  the 
very  purpose  of  destroying  a  genuine  Episco¬ 
pacy  and  erecting  their  usurpations  on  its 
ruins.  This  is  the  fundamental  principle  which 
distinguishes  the  late  Vatican  Council  from 
all  councils,  even  of  the  West,  that  have  pre¬ 
ceded  it. 

Note  VI. 

Some  respectable  persons  have  imag¬ 
ined  that  by  going  into  Romish  countries,  on 
such  missions  as  ours  in  Mexico,  we  weaken 
our  own  protest  against  Papal  intrusions,  and 
lay  ourselves  open  to  a  charge  of  inconsisten¬ 
cy.  But  a  little  reflection  will  convince  any¬ 
body  that  such  is  not  the  case. 

For  what  is  it  we  do  when  we  appeal  to 
God  and  man  against  Papal  aggressions? 

1.  We  protest  against  the  intrusion  of  a 
foreign  Bishop  into  our  Dioceses,  with  an 
asserted  right  thus  to  intrude  upon  any  Dio¬ 
cese,  in  any  part  of  the  world,  however  ortho¬ 
dox,  and  to  compel  submission  on  pain  of 
eternal  damnation. 

3.  We  protest  against  the  assertion  of  a 
foreign  supremacy  which  dictates  as  well  in 
matters  of  faith  as  of  discipline,  and  orders 
all  Christians  to  submit  on  pain  of  excommu¬ 
nication. 

3.  We  protest  against  the  creation  of 


schisms  within  our  Dioceses  on  the  ground  of 
such  claims  to  supremacy  and  infallibility, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  imposing  the  novel 
creed  of  Pius  IV.  with  the  supplemental  dog¬ 
mas  of  Pius  IX.,  which  are  “  another  gospel.” 

4.  We  protest  against  any  intrusion  into 
Dioceses  where  the  Nicene  Creed  is  professed, 
where  the  Holy  Scriptures  are  read  and 
preached,  and  the  Sacraments  duly  adminis¬ 
tered,  as  in  the  times  of  the  Apostles  and 
their  primitive  successors. 

5.  And  we  protest  against  the  whole  sys¬ 
tem  of  the  Papacy  as  a  fraud  and  a  heresy, 
and  as  the  source  of  innumerable  schisms, 
which  have  disorganized  Christendom,  and 
given  apparent  victory  to  the  enemies  of 
truth. 

Now,  it  is  just  because  we  protest  against 
invasions  of  this  kind  that  we  are  logically 
bound  to  succour  other  Churches  which  are  not 
only  corrupted  morally,  but  absolutely  denied 
the  privilege  of  professing  orthodoxy,  under 
the  fatal  consequences  of  such  invasions. 
When  we  go  to  foreign  Churches,  not  to  suc¬ 
cour,  but  to  assert  dominion  and  to  subjugate, 
then  we  shall  be  open  to  charges  of  inconsis¬ 
tency;  but,  not  till  then. 

Besides,  our  protest  against  Romish  ag¬ 
gressions  are  made  for  moral  ends,  only.  We 
know  that  Rome  will  not  listen  to  them;  but, 
we  bear  our  testimony  against  her  remorseless 
outrages,  and  leave  our  appeal  with  the  con¬ 
sciences  of  enlightened  men,  and  with  a  just 
God,  till  in  God’s  time  the  awakening  and 
the  restoration  shall  come. 

Note  VII. 

The  Romanists  hold  the  Nicene  symbol, 
and  hence  retain  essential  vitality  under  the 
creed  of  Pius  IV.,  which  is  the  creed  of  ”  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church,”  so  called.  But, 
practically,  the  latter  is  their  test  of  ortho¬ 
doxy;  so  that  the  use  of  the  great  symbol  as 
the  tessera  of  Catholicity  is  forfeited  by  them, 
and  they  are  schismatics  by  this  test  alone; 
while,  by  the  adoption  of  a  new  creed,  which 
thus  defeats  one  grand  object  of  the  ancient 
Synods,  they  incur  the  censure  of  the  Council 
of  Ephesus  in  its  Seventh  Canon,  and  so,  in  a 
matter  of  faith,  deprive  themselves  of  the 
Catholic  character. 

Note  VIII. 

Let  it  never  be  forgotten  that  it  is  the  dog¬ 
matic  teaching  of  the  Council  of  Trent  that  the 
three  holy  Orders  are  “  sub-Deacons,  Deacons, 
and  Presbyters.  ”  See  Chap,  vii.,  Quijest.  13, 


15 


Catechism  of  the  Council  of  Trent.  In  the 
same  chapter  (Quaest.  22)  it  is  affirmed,  “The 
third  and  highest  degree  of  all  the  Holy  Orders 
is  the  Priesthood.  Persons  endued  with  it 
are  distinguished  by  two  names,  that  of  Pres¬ 
byters  and  Priests." 

To  content  the  Gallicans  and  others  who 
fought  against  the  attempt  to  make  a 
dogma  virtually  abolishing  the  Episcopate,  it 
was  defined  that  this  Priesthood  has  “divers 
degrees,  such  as  Bishops,  Metropolitans,  Patri¬ 
archs,  and,  beyond  all  these,  the  sovereign 
Pontiff  of  Rome.”  See  same  chapter,  Qusest. 
25.  Thus,  like  the  dignity  of  Metropolitans, 
the  Episcopate  is  only  a  degree  in  a  divine 
Papal  hierarchy,  and  has  no  essential  exist¬ 
ence  by  itself  as  a  “  Holy  Order,”  much  less 
as  the  root  of  the  entire  Christian  Ministry. 

Not  only  do  the  Romish  Bishops  accept  this 
degradation  dogmatically:  it  is  forced  upon 
them,  practically,  in  every  function.  And  not 
as  a  mere  ceremony,  but  most  significantly, 
were  the  first  days  of  the  late  Vatican  Council 
taken  up  by  the  tedious  work  of  making 
every  Bishop  recite  the  creed  of  Pius  IV.  as 
preliminary  to  sitting  in  council  under  Pius 
IX.  He  thus  abdicated  the  positiou  of  a  Bish¬ 
op  as  understood  in  the  ancient  Councils,  and 
consented  to  sit  as  a  mere  Presbyter,  in  the 
degree  of  a  Bishop,  or,  in  the  language  of 
the  Trent  Catechism,  under  “the  father  and 
governor  of  all  the  faithful,  of  Bishops  and  of 
all  other  prelates,  be  their  office  and  power 
what  it  may.”  After  this  they  could  not 
complain  that  they  were  reduced,  as  Arch¬ 
bishop  Darboy  said,  to  a  “  Council  of  Sex¬ 
tons,”  and  sent  home  under  the  yoke  of  a  new 
dogma,  which  their  consciences  disowned, 
but  which  their  master  told  them  it  was 
none  of  their  business  to  discuss.  See  “The 
Church  of  God  and  the  Bishops”  (London : 
Rivingtons,  1870),  to  which  I  refer,  rather 
than  to  other  works,  because  the  author,  Senor 
von  Liaiio,  is  a  Spaniard,  and  has  written  in 
the  spirit  of  the  Spanish  doctors  of  the  six¬ 
teenth  century. 

Note  IX. 

Guizot,  in  his  “History  of  Civilization,” 
and  in  some  of  his  other  writings,  commits 
himself  to  baseless  theories,  and  proceeds 
upon  assumptions  the  most  erroneous,  simply 
because  he  has  taken  no  pains  to  understand 
the  primitive  Constitution  of  the  Church 
Catholic,  the  true  history  of  the  Papal  schism, 
and  the  revolution  operated  in  the  Western 


Churches  of  Europe  by  the  Council  of  Trent. 
Ranke  recognizes  this  revolution.  Michelet, 
in  his  “  Ultramontanism,”  states  it  more  em¬ 
phatically;  but  all  these  writers  fail  to  observe 
the  position,  as  respects  the  original  Constitu¬ 
tion  of  the  Church,  to  which  such  a  revolu¬ 
tion  necessarily  reduced  its  subjects  and 
adherents. 

Note  X. 

Of  this  we  have  the  overwhelming  evi¬ 
dence  very  admirably  collected  and  arranged 
by  the  Abbe  Guett^e,  in  his  “Papaute  Schis- 
matique,”  of  which  a  translation  has  appeared 
in  America — New  York,  1867.  “  Rome,”  he 

says  (p.  325),  “insists  upon  a  recognition 
of  her  sovereignty,  and  the  Eastern  Church, 
always  appealing  to  the  docMne  of  the  first 
eight  centuries,  .  .  .  knows  that  such  a  con¬ 
cession  would  be  criminal  in  itself,  and  must 
result  in  subjection  to  an  autocracy  con¬ 
demned  by  the  Gospel  and  by  Catholic  doc¬ 
trine.” 

Note  XI. 

It  is  worth  repeating  here  that  the  Greek 
Churches  entirely  coincide  with  our  Anglican 
doctrine  as  expressed  in  the  Ordinal.  See 
“  Theologie  Dogmatique  Orthodoxe,”  by 
Macarius,  Bishop  of  Vannitza,  Vol.  II.,  p. 
254.  Paris:  1860. 

Note  XU. 

Weighty,  indeed,  are  the  words  of  Dr. 
Bollinger  in  his  famous  letter  to  the  Arch¬ 
bishop  of  Mrmich:  “The  Episcopate  of  the 
ancient  Church  is  dissolved;  .  .  .  the  primary 
authority  in  the  Church  is  reduced  to  a  mere 
shadow.  Every  one  can  understand  the 
impossibility  of  having  two  Bishops  in  the 
same  Diocese,  the  one  a  Pope  and  the  other  a 
simple  Bishop — in  effect  less  than  that,  for  a 
mere  Viear  or  diocesan  commissary  is  neither 
Bishop  nor  a  successor  of  the  Apostles  ” 
(Wallon,  “La  Verite  sur  le  Concile,”  p.  126. 
Paris:  1872). 

Note  XIII. 

Senor  von  Liano  says  (p.  72):  “The  Bish¬ 
ops  are  his  Vicars,  representatives,  or  dele¬ 
gates,  whom  this  monarch  has  set  over  the 
provinces  of  his  empire.  .  .  .  And  the  Bish¬ 
ops  who  reeeive  his  commands,  receive  them 
unconditionally,  or,  if  not,  they  are  regulated 
in  every  possible  manner — nay,  the  ideal 
striven  after  is,  that  they  shall  be  deposed 
without  further  ceremony,  or  de  facto  super¬ 
seded  by  a  so-called  coadjutor,  who  would 
only  leave  to  them  the  name  of  the  exalted 


16 


stewardship  to  which  they  have  been  called 
by  the  Holy  Ghost.  ” 

Note  XIV. 

“  I  acknowledge  the  Holy  Catholic  Apostolic 
Roman  Church  for  the  mother  and  mistress  of 
all  Churches.  ”  Compare  this  clause,  from  the 
Creed  of  Pius  lY.,  with  the  language  of  the 
Apostles’  Creed,  or  the  Nicene,  and  note  how 
marked  the  contrast.  This  Creed,  only  three 
hundred  years  old,  was  put  forth  by  the  sole 
authority  of  that  Pope  to  sustain  the  decisions 
of  the  Council  of  Trent ;  but  the  Bishops  who 
came  to  the  Vatican  Council  were  forced  to 
recite  it  as  a  condition  precedent  to  a  share  in 
its  sessions. 

Note  XV. 

The  African  Churches  renounced  the  com¬ 
munion  of  Rome  for  a  hundred  years,  because, 
contrary  to  the  Canons  and  Constitutions  of  the 
Church,  that  See  encouraged  appeals  to  her 
against  local  discipline.  St.  Augustine  died 
in  the  African  Church  during  this  separation, 
and  so  did  many  other  saints  and  martyrs.  St. 
Cyprian  had  gone  through  a  like  experience 
before  him.  All  which  is  admirably  shown 
by  Laud  in  his  "  Controversy  with  Fisher,” 
p.  193.  Oxford :  1849. 

Note  XVI. 

“Antiquam  fidem  novelise  perfldia?  prsefer- 
endo.”  See  the  “  Commonitory  ”  of  Vincent, 
chapter  IV.,  section  vi.,  p.  10.  Baltimore: 
1847. 

Note  XVII. 

See  St.  Basil’s  Letters,  notably  LXX. ,  Op. 
iii.  Paris:  1G38.  “The  one  crime,”  he  says, 
“that  is  violently  punished  is  for  any  one 
firmly  to  adhere  to  what  we  have  received 
from  the  fathers” — the  apostolic  and  prim¬ 
itive  faith,  that  is.  And  in  such  case,  he 
holds,  all  true  Christians  are  bound  to  make 
common  cause  with  those  who  are  persecuted 
for  the  truth’s  sake. 

Concerning  the  neglect  and  supercilious 
conduct  of  the  Westerns,  see  Basil’s  Letter 
to  Gregory,  Opera  iii.,  p.  54. 

Note  XVIII. 

The  history  of  Gregory’s  position  in  these 
affairs  is  somewhat  diversely  related  by  the 


ancient  Church  historians,  but  is  well  digested 
by  Cave  in  his  biographies  of  St.  Basil  and 
his  friend  Gregory.  The  answer  usually  made 
to  such  facts  as  are  referred  to  in  the  sermon 
is  that  the  Arians  and  others  concerned  were 
formal  heretics,  who  had  violated  the  synod¬ 
ical  decisions  of  the  whole  Church.  But  has 
not  the  Bishop  of  Rome  trodden  under  foot 
the  Third  Canon  of  Constantinople,  which  de¬ 
fines  and  limits  his  place  and  powers  ?  Has 
not  the  Roman  schism  formally  incurred  the 
taint  of  heresy  by  imposing  a  novel  creed  as 
the  test  of  communion,  contrary  to  the  Ephe- 
sine  Canon?  Also,  by  framing  the  late  mon¬ 
strous  dogmas  as  tests  of  communion — the 
one  corrupting  the  fundamental  doctrine  of 
the  Incarnation,  and  the  other  abrogating  the 
rule  of  faith?  Must  we  wait  for  new  Councils 
to  settle  again  what  has  been  settled  for  ages? 
Meanwhile,  must  we  let  the  wolves  rend  and 
devour  the  sheep?  And  all  with  respect  to 
the  mere  letter  of  disciplinary  Canons,  which 
Gregory  pronounced  “long  since  dead,”  even 
in  his  day? 

Note  XIX. 

The  fragment  of  Hilary  from  which  this  is 
quoted  is  regarded  as  genuine  by  Guettee, 
and  by  not  a  few  in  the  Papal  Communion. 
It  is  undoubtedly  a  fragment  of  Antiquity, 
even  if  not  Hilary’s. 

Note  XX. 

Everything  indicates  that  the  providence  of 
God  has  enlarged  the  Anglican  Communion 
for  a  great  work  in  the  world.  No  longer 
insular,  more  spread  abroad  than  the  ancient 
Church  ever  imagined  could  be  the  case  even 
with  the  whole  Church  of  Christ,  and  stand¬ 
ing  at  this  time  on  the  old  Catholic  ground, 
and  free  from  the  trammels  with  which  Latins 
and  Greeks  still  encumber  Catholicity,  it  is 
her  mission  to  go  forward  in  love  and  without 
ambition,  to  do  for  Christ  what  others  cannot 
do.  Her  Episcopate  is  the  most  indisputable 
apostolic  succession  under  the  sun,  because, 
while  its  history  has  been  the  most  sifted, 
nothing  has  successfully  impeached  it.  She 
has  nothing  now  to  do  but  to  use  her  liberty 
in  all  charity,  leaving  results  to  God. 


